Overhead projector

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to an overhead projector in which all disturbing light on the projection screen ( 12 ) from the parts of the picture plate ( 2 ) of the projector which surround the projected document ( 10 ) and the light on the screen which arises when documents are being changed on the picture plate has been eliminated. According to the invention, this has been attained by covering the picture plate ( 2 ) with a first polarising layer ( 3 ) which is a supporting surface for the document, by placing a second polarising layer ( 9 ) in the path of the light close to the projector head ( 6, 7 ) and by arranging the polarising directions of these polarising layers ( 3, 9 ) perpendicular to each other so that all light which first passes the first polarising layer where no document is placed and thereafter passes the second polarising layer ( 9 ) is absorbed.

[0001] The present invention relates to an overhead projector comprising a transparent picture plate illuminated from below on which a transparent document with more or less opaque information can be supported and an arm optics arm which supports a projector head with optics and an oblique mirror to deflect a light beam from the picture plate towards a projection screen and to project information onto it.

[0002] When no document has been placed on the picture plate, the whole surface of the picture plate is projected as a large, strongly illuminated square on the projection screen. As soon as a document is placed on the picture plate, the illumination is reduced, partly because the document itself absorbs some light and partly because the information in the form of text, pictures and/or diagrams absorbs' light. Of the original illumination, there remains a square frame around the document and out to the edges of the picture plate, since the documents used are normally smaller than the picture plate. The light variations between successive projections are perceived to be irritating for the audience and the strongly illuminated frame surrounding a projected picture also disturbs the viewing.

[0003] In order to remedy these inconveniences to some extent, opaque rulers can be placed on the picture plate around the document. These are not used very often, since it is tiresome to have to check that the rulers are placed correctly after each change of picture.

[0004] Another method is to encapsulate each document between two light-polarising plastic films with a size that is at least equal to the surface of the picture plate, the polarisation directions being arranged so that they are at an angle of 90° to each other. Such an arrangement means that the light, after being polarised by the film, becomes depolarised after passing the document and can thereby pass the second film without being absorbed. In the regions around the document, however, the light must pass through two polarising filters with polarisation directions at an angle of 90° to each other and they consequently absorb the light almost completely. No strongly illuminated frame around the projected picture is therefore created. Polarising film is unfortunately very expensive, and this solution is therefore seldom used. Another very important disadvantage in practice is that the document with its initial information is not accessible during the display for complementary information to be drawn directly onto the document.

[0005] To be able to draw on the document is often desirable in order to clarify a process, and the document is then discarded and replaced with a new document with the initial information in a subsequent display. It would be unsuitable to draw on the upper side of the film since this would damage the film and the slightest displacement between film and document would make the information difficult to interpret. It would also be necessary to discard at least the upper polarising film or both the document and both films, if these are sealed around the edges, after each display.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a solution to these problems, not only so that the strongly illuminated frame around the projected picture is eliminated but also so that the illumination on the projection screen is automatically strongly reduced when the pictures are being changed. It shall also be possible to draw on the document during the display.

[0007] According to the invention, this is made possible by equipping the projector with two essentially perpendicular to the light beam positioned, polarising layers, fitted at a distance from each other, namely a first polarising layer which covers the picture plate and which is a supporting surface for the document and a second polarising layer which is fixed in a holder in the path of the light beam close to the projector head, such that the polarisation directions of the polarising layers are arranged to be perpendicular to each other, so that if there is no document on the supporting surface the projection screen is not illuminated, whereas if there is a document on the picture plate, the transmission of the light from those parts of the picture plate which are located between the edges of the document and the edges of the picture plate is counteracted by the polarising layers and only the document is shown illuminated on the projection screen. The layers are suitably arranged on a glass plate to resist the influence of heat but can also be arranged on a heat-resistant film of a plastic material.

[0008] Since the polarisation of the light which has passed the first polarising filter is cancelled when it passes through the document, it is only the light which passes both the polarising layers in the space between the edge of the document and the edges of the picture plate which is almost completely extinguished, and this is evident on the projection screen in that only the document with the information is reproduced on the screen, with a dark surround. When the document is then lifted to the side and away from the picture plate, the two polarising layers become continuously active so that the rear edge of the document is followed by a dark curtain on the projection screen, i.e. there is no illumination of the screen while a document is being removed from the picture plate, and this is restful to the eyes of the observers. There is of course no hindrance against drawing on the document during display.

[0009] The second polarising layer can preferably be placed before the optics of the projector head. For this, a simple, fixed holder is required which is fitted onto the projector head or the arm. Alternatively, the second polarising layer can be placed in the path of the light before the mirror of the projector head. It can also with advantage be placed perpendicular to the light beam in its path immediately after the mirror of the projector head. It is then equipped with a revolving holder mounted onto the projector head to allow the customary folding together of the projector without damaging the layer or the holder.

[0010] When some types of overhead film are used for the document, it may be necessary to turn the document through a small angle relative to the polarising films for optimal light transmission through the document. For this reason, according to one design of the invention, both the polarising filters can be rotated in their planes, which can easily be done since the picture plate is normally square with rounded corners, to which the shape of the first polarising layer can be adjusted.

[0011] The second layer, which has small dimensions, can be circular in shape and fitted so that it can be rotated in its holder.

[0012] The invention is more closely clarified in the following with reference to the appended drawings, which show schematically three different designs for the invention as examples.

[0013]FIG. 1 is a perspective drawing of a preferred design for an overhead projector according to the invention,

[0014]FIG. 2 is a side view of the projector in FIG. 1 and a projection screen which is also shown from the front,

[0015]FIG. 3 is a part view of a projector head with the second polarising filter placed before the mirror of the projector head and

[0016]FIG. 4 is a part view similar to FIG. 3 but with the second polarising layer placed perpendicular to the light beam leaving the mirror.

[0017] The overhead projector shown on the drawings, the OH-projector, is a projector illuminated from below, but the following description is essentially valid also for projectors which are illuminated from above. The OH-projector consists of a housing 1 containing a lamp with a reflector for illumination from below of a square picture plate 2 which is covered with a polarising layer 3. The heat generated by the lamp is partly ventilated away by a strong fan with an outlet 4. A hinged arm 5 has been fitted onto the housing. At the free end of the arm, an optics 6 is fixed and a mirror 7 is adjustably fitted. A holder 8 for a polarising layer 9 is further fitted so that it is adjustable from the position shown to a position close to the optics 6. The latter position is used when the arm 5 is folded down for transport of the projector.

[0018] The optics 6, the layer 9 and the mirror 7 are adjusted relative to each other and the picture plate 2 so that a transparent document 10 with information 11 placed on the layer 3 is projected on a screen 12 as shown in FIG. 2.

[0019] If no document is placed on the polarising layer 3 on the picture plate 2, a light beam from the picture plate 2 will have a certain polarisation direction when it strikes the polarising layer 9, which has a polarisation direction perpendicular to the polarisation direction of the layer 3. Only a very small part of the light beam will therefore be able to pass the layer 9 and it will be projected as a dark square 13 on the screen 12.

[0020] If a document 10 is placed on the layer 3, the light which passes document 10 is depolarised, and this depolarised light can pass through the layer 9 and be projected onto the screen 12 as a light reproduction 14 of the document 10 with the information 11.

[0021] When the document 10 is removed to one side from the layer 3 on the picture plate 2, this is reflected on the screen 12 by the fact that the reproduction successively disappears and leaves a curtain after it with the same degree of darkness as in the square 13.

[0022] In certain cases, the document 10 must be turned slightly on the layer 3 for optimal transmission of light through the polarising layers 3 and 9. To prevent the picture of the document on the screen 12 from being shown at an oblique angle, it is appropriate that the layers 3 and 9 are instead arranged on the picture plate 2 and in the holder 8 so that they can be adjusted.

[0023] The layer 9 and its holder 8 can alternatively be placed as shown in FIG. 3 with the holder 8 adjustably fitted at the bottom edge of the mirror 7 so that the layer 9 during use is placed perpendicular to the light beam leaving the optics 6, but is adjacent to the mirror surface when the arm 5 is folded down.

[0024] The invention is not of course limited to the design examples shown and described here and several modifications are possible within the framework of the invention defined by the patent claims. An OH-projector with illumination from above can thus also be used. The layer 9 with the holder 8 can further be adjustably fitted onto the optics arm 5. The layer 3 on the picture plate 2 can also be covered with protective glass without deviating from the invention. The two polarising layers need not be fixed onto the projector from the beginning but can be supplied as an accessory. 

1. An overhead projector including a transparent picture plate (2) illuminated from below for supporting a transparent document (10) with more or less opaque information (11), an arm (5) which supports a projector head with optics (6) and an oblique mirror (7) to deflect a light beam from the picture plate (2) towards a projection screen (12) and to project the information (11) onto it, characterized by the fact that the projector is equipped with two essentially perpendicular to (he light beam positioned, polarising layers, fitted at a distance from each other, namely a first polarising layer (3) which covers the picture plate (2) and which is a supporting surface for the document (10) and a second polarising layer (9) which, through a holder (8), is placed in the path of the light beam close to the projector head (6,7) and by (lie fact that (lie polarisation directions of tile polarised layers (3,9) are arranged to be perpendicular to each other so that, in the absence of a document (10) on the supporting surface, the projection screen (12) is not illuminated whereas, in the presence of a document on the supporting surface, the transmission of the light (13) from the parts of the picture plate (2) located between the edges of (he document (10) and (lie edges of the picture plate (2) is counteracted by the polarising layers (3,9) and only the document (10) is shown illuminated on the projection screen.
 2. An overhead projector according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second polarising layer (9) is placed before the optics (6) of the projector head.
 3. An overhead projector according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second polarising layer (9) is placed in the path of the light before the mirror (7) of the projector head.
 4. An overhead projector according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the second polarising layer (9) is placed perpendicular to the light beam in its path immediately after the mirror (7) of the projector head.
 5. An overhead projector according to one of the claims 1-4, characterized by the fact that both the polarising layers (3, 9) are adjustable in their planes. 